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the war for defense of Karlovac peace agreement which Austria joined in 1716 Turks were
defeated near Petrovaradin and Belgrade so the southeastern Srem was annexed to Habsburg
monarchy apropos Germany.Zemun and 21 villages in that region became possesion of
aristocrat family Senborn(Schonborn) which managed the estate through their supervisors
and clerks.Agricultural population was loaded with high taxes and obligations what
produced mutiny of peasants against squire’s clerks.Austirian - Turkish border on
Sava and Danube was established by Belgrade’s peace in 1739 and that quickly mount
importance of conterminous Zemun.In 1746 military authorities ransomed estates of
aristocracy and formed Military border which assignment was to secure state border toward
Turks. Ransomed land was shared to peasents and military immigrants who dealt with it .For all men from 16 to 60 years old had to be military border guards of, in that time established Petrovaradin regiment. In 1749 Zemun got rights of free military community.In Zemun, which was on the crossroad of land and river roads, one could feel economic enthusiasm especially in the other half of XVIII century.Some 110 merchants was engaged in import-export, misscelaneous and shipping-comisionary businesses.That prosperity attempted in spreading the city,increasing the population and developing of social life. Until the XVIII century Zemun was composed of todays Lower town .In 1816 by migration of an large number of German families from Banat another suburb was founded, which was called Francstal in order to celebrate a visit of Tsar Franc I to Zemun.Later on in the settlement was opened elementary school and in the other half of that same century, in 1888, Romecatholic church was built in neogotic style. In XIX century Zemun was the reachest and the most beautiful free town inside the military border and it has 7089 citizens who were settled in 1310 low and one storeyed, state’s and private houses. Although from 1739 to 1918 political border dismounted Zemun from Belgrade, still there was strong relationship between two cities.That relationship didn’t have only economical but also political,national and cultural character, because in Zemun was mostly serbian population. On the Octobar 3rd 1813, in the time of approach of Turkish army to Belgrade, Karadjordje walked over in Zemun together with group of dukes and later on all the way until 1914 Zemun was the nearest shelter for serbian refugees and political emigration also. |
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